FTC Opens Formal Antitrust Investigation of Intel

The FTC has opened a formal antitrust investigation into Intel's business practices, as revealed by an Intel press release issued Friday in response to a subpoena. Not just Intel, but rival AMD and several PC makers have begun to receive subpoenas from the commission. AMD, which has long complained about Intel's business practices, has not issued a statement yet.

You'll recall that earlier this week South Korea fined Intel $25.4 million over antitrust issues.

Intel's press release said the following:

On June 4 the U.S. FTC served a subpoena related to Intel's business practices with respect to competition in the microprocessor market. Since 2006 Intel has been working closely with the FTC on an informal inquiry into competition in the microprocessor market and has provided the commission staff with a considerable amount of information and thousands of documents. By proceeding to a subpoena, the Commission will be able to obtain not only information that Intel has already committed to provide but also information from other parties. Consistent with its standard practice Intel will work cooperatively with the FTC staff to comply with the subpoena and continue providing information.

The company believes its business practices are well within U.S. law. The evidence that this industry is fiercely competitive and working is compelling. For example, prices for microprocessors declined by 42.4 percent from 2000 to end of 2007. When competitors perform and execute the market rewards them. When they falter and under-perform the market responds accordingly.

I see a dig at AMD in that last sentence.

The investigation was authorized by William E. Kovacic, the new chairman of the FTC and has the support of the agency’s other commissioners. This was a reversal of a prior decision by Kovacic's predecessor, Deborah P. Majoras.

It should be noted, however, that FTC Chairmen are appointed directly by the President. Coming at the end of Bush's term, this definitely won't be resolved before the elections, sho who knows where the investigation will eventually end up.

Both AMD and Intel were down over 2% in Friday afternoon trading; however, this could be attributed to the poor jobs data released on Friday as well as oil news.

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Intel Launches New Desktop Processor

Filed under: Central processing unit, chipset, Intel, Intel Corporation, Processors, Xeon by: SIBTEIN ALI

Following AMD’s launch of its latest server chips last week, it’s Intel’s turn to be in the spotlight.

Intel plans to launch its newest generation of desktop processors on Monday. Called Core i7, the chips are aimed at the high-end desktop and gaming market.

The move puts Intel ahead of its rival AMD by more than a few months, as AMD’s comparable desktop processor isn’t scheduled to launch until early next year.

"AMD now just doesn’t have a competitive chip against Intel on the desktop," says Patrick Wang, an analyst with brokerage firm Wedbush Morgan.

And until AMD launches its product, Intel is going to be the only option for consumers who want the latest chips for their computers, says Wang.

The Core i7 will be almost four to six times faster than Intel’s current platform, says the company, and will have greater power efficiency than ever. It is based on the 45-nanometer production technology that first appeared in a server chip called Xeon (aka Penryn), which debuted earlier this year.

The 45-nm chips utilize smaller circuitry than the previous, 65-nm generation, making them faster, and also enabling Intel to manufacture them more cheaply.

The new Core i7 chips are based on a newly designed microarchitecture called Nehalem, which includes major design changes in areas such as power management and integrated memory control.

The first three quad-core Core i7 chips from Intel will reintroduce "hyperthreading" technology, which gives the chips the ability to execute 8 threads simultaneously on 4 processing cores, greatly increasing their processing power. Hyperthreading was seen earlier in Pentium 4 chips and some Xeon processors from Intel.

Core i7 processors are also different from their predecessors in that they have "QuickPath," a new microarchitecture that integrates memory controller into each microprocessor. QuickPath will replace Front Side Bus used in
Xeon and Itanium platforms.

The move increases the bandwidth directly available to the processor, reducing lag time before a CPU can begin executing the next instruction.

"Core i7 will be one of the first Intel chips to integrate a memory controller," says Shane Rau, PC analyst at research firm IDC, "though it is something AMD has had for a while."

Intel is taking no chances with Core i7. The company has spent millions to test the chips and ensure flaws in it don’t trip it up, says The New York Times.

In the past, both Intel and AMD have paid a big price for bugs in their chips. In 1994, Intel’s Pentium chips sported a tiny error in floating-point calculation that led to a product recall.

More recently, AMD’s Barcelona range of chips that launched last year were delayed by months after discovery of flaws that among other things caused systems to lock up and crash.more

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Intel and Nokia Partner To Make Future Something-Or-Other

Image via CrunchBase

Just as reported, Intel and Nokia had a big fancy announcement to tell everyone that they're going to be doing something together in the future—the specifics of which wasn't important (or defined) enough to mention today.

The two did say that they're going to be sharing Nokia's HSPA/3G modem technology so Intel can put those into their own equipment, and that they're going to be all up in the open source world. Other than that? Not a whole lot going on. Sounds to us like Nokia's going to be making some more N800-like devices with Intel inside. [Nokia]

READ MORE - Intel and Nokia Partner To Make Future Something-Or-Other

Intel® Core™ i7 Processor

With faster, intelligent, multi-core technology that applies processing power where it's needed most, new Intel® Core™ i7 processors deliver an incredible breakthrough in PC performance. They are the best desktop processors on the planet.¹

You'll multitask applications faster and unleash incredible digital media creation. And you'll experience maximum performance for everything you do, thanks to the combination of Intel® Turbo Boost technology² and Intel® Hyper-Threading technology (Intel® HT technology)³, which maximizes performance to match your workload.

Product information

• 2.93 GHz and 2.66 GHz core speed
• 8 processing threads with Intel® HT technology
• 8 MB of Intel® Smart Cache
• 3 Channels of DDR3 1066 MHz memory

Features and benefits

Go to the next level of multi-core performance.

Intel Core i7 processors deliver an incredible breakthrough in quad-core performance and feature the latest innovations in processor technologies:

THIS TECHNOLOGY maximizes speed for demanding applications, dynamically accelerating performance to match your workload—more performance when you need it the most.²

Intel® Hyper-Threading technology enables highly threaded applications to get more work done in parallel. With 8 threads available to the operating system, multi-tasking becomes even easier.³

Intel® Smart Cache provides a higher-performance, more efficient cache subsystem. Optimized for industry leading multi-threaded games.

Intel® QuickPath Interconnect is designed for increased bandwidth and low latency. It can achieve data transfer speeds as high as 25.6 GB/sec with the Extreme Edition processor.

Integrated memory controller enables three channels of DDR3 1066 MHz memory, resulting in up to 25.6 GB/sec memory bandwidth. This memory controller's lower latency and higher memory bandwidth delivers amazing performance for data-intensive applications.

Intel® HD Boost significantly improves a broad range of multimedia and compute-intensive applications. The 128-bit SSE instructions are issued at a throughput rate of one per clock cycle, allowing a new level of processing efficiency with SSE4 optimized applications.

• 
  

Δ Intel® processor numbers are not a measure of performance. Processor numbers differentiate features within each processor family, not across different processor families.

¹ Performance based on select industry benchmarks, game titles, and multimedia creation applications. Actual performance may vary. See for additional information.

² Intel® Turbo Boost technology requires a PC with a processor with Intel Turbo Boost capability. Intel Turbo Boost performance varies depending on hardware, software and overall system configuration. Check with your PC manufacturer on whether your system delivers Intel Turbo Boost technology.

³ Intel® Hyper-Threading technology (Intel® HT technology) requires a computer system with a processor supporting Intel HT Technology and an Intel HT technology-enabled chipset, BIOS, and operating system. Performance will vary depending on the specific hardware and software you use. For more information including details on which processors support Intel HT technology.

READ MORE - Intel® Core™ i7 Processor

AMD raises layoff total, sees new ATI charge

U.S. chip maker Advanced Micro Devices Inc (AMD.N) said on Monday it laid off 600 workers, 100 more than first announced, and was taking yet another charge related to its $5.4 billion purchase of ATI Technolgies Inc.

AMD said it cut 600 employees in its most recent quarter, compared with the 500 it had originally planned. As a result, the company now expects to record $70 million in restructuring charges, versus the $50 million it previously predicted.

In addition, the new cost reductions would result in more charges in the first half of 2009, although AMD would not provide an estimate.

The chip maker also said it would take a goodwill impairment charge related to its 2006 acquisition of graphics chip maker ATI. AMD said its decision was "based on the results of an updated, long-term financial outlook" for the business, according to a filing with U.S. securities regulators.

The company said it could not estimate the size of the charge, which would be material and non-cash, according to the filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. A company spokesman declined to provide any further detail.

It is the latest charge AMD has taken related to its purchase of ATI. In the June quarter, the impairment charge totaled more than $800 million.

In the December quarter, AMD said it would also take a $20 million impairment charge on its investment in flash memory chip maker Spansion Inc (SPSN.O).

Shares of Sunnyvale, California-based AMD closed down 8 cents at $2.10.

READ MORE - AMD raises layoff total, sees new ATI charge

Intel® Centrino® 2 with vPro™ technology

Keep your workforce more secure, managed, and mobile. With security and manageability built right onto the chip, Intel® Centrino® 2 with vPro™ technology provides hardware-assisted remote isolation, diagnostics, and repair, so you can manage your mobile workforce remotely, even if the system's OS is unresponsive.¹ And with exceptional dual-core performance, 5X better wireless performanceΩ and the longest possible battery life.²

Now you can also get notebooks with Intel Centrino 2 with vPro technology in astonishingly thin and light packages. As the smallest version of Intel® Centrino® processor technology yet-50 percent smaller-you're most mobile workforce can enjoy the sleekest full-featured and performance packed notebooks³ along with improved energy efficiency and power savings.°

Features and benefits

Best for business, providing state-of-the-art threat protection against security threats enabled by hardware defense filters and agent presence checking.Φ

Mobile performance. Providing the next level of mobile performance,Δ new Intel Centrino 2 with vPro technology is designed for today's needs, future 64-bit applications,² and next-generation multithreaded software.

Increased energy-efficiency. Built on the latest 45nm Intel® Core™ microarchitecture, Intel Centrino 2 with vPro technology provides industry-leading,² energy-efficient performance.

Longer battery life. Based on next-generation hafnium-based 45nm technology, Intel Centrino 2 with vPro technology offers unique energy-saving components designed to give you the longest possible battery life.

Faster, more predictable wireless. Experience up to 5x faster connectivity speeds with 802.11n wireless technology improving reliability while decreasing connection loss.Ω

Manage your mobile workforce wirelessly. Remotely diagnose, isolate, and repair infected notebooks using hardware-based remote manageability features that work even if notebooks are off or the OS is unresponsive.¹

Broad industry support from leading manageability and security software providers like Symantec, LANDesk, HP, Microsoft, and Cisco.

Reduce maintenance costs and stay compliant. Provide routine patching and maintenance ensuring that you're only paying software license fees for what you're using while keeping your licenses up-to-date.¹

Get the most out of graphics-intensive Windows Vista*. Powerful Intel® Graphics allow you to run Windows Vista with full Aero* support-without the expense of an additional graphics card.²

READ MORE - Intel® Centrino® 2 with vPro™ technology

differences between DDR and DDR2

“Double Data Rate, Two” or simply, DDR2, is an extension of a system’s standard DDR memory. Like DDR, DDR2 transfers data on both edges of the system clock, which allows the bandwidth of the memory to equal twice that of Single Data Rate memory, or SDRAM. DDR2’s architecture is intended to increase efficiency and performance over its predecessor, DDR.

• DDR’s standard voltage setting is 2.5 V, while DDR2’s voltage setting is 1.8 V.
• DDR2 memory is DDR2’s 4-bit data pre-fetch. DDR has two sets of data that are read and written to the memory core, while DDR2 allows for four sets of data to be processed.
• DDR’s write latency is one clock. This allows for data to be written to the memory one clock after the write command has been issued. With DDR2, the write latency becomes two clocks. The doubled clock cycle allows for twice the data to be written to the memory after the write command has been issued.
• DDR2’s new feature called On-Die Termination (ODT). ODT permits the user to terminate signals in the memory itself. The termination of DDR is done on the motherboard. ODT drastically reduces signal wave reflections from the termination network and promotes enhanced systems margins. ODT permits fewer capacitors and resistors on the motherboard, which helps reduce cost and makes memory subsystem layouts to be more efficient.
• 

READ MORE - differences between DDR and DDR2

Intel Pentium M Processor

The Intel Pentium M processor utilizes a new microarchitecture to meet the current and future demands of high-performance, low-power embedded computing, making it ideal for medium-to-large enterprise communications applications, transaction terminal, interactive client, and industrial automation applications. While incorporating advanced processor technology, it remains software-compatible with previous members of the Intel microprocessor family.

The Intel Pentium M Processor on 0.13u process technology is validated with the Intel E7501 and Intel 855GME chipsets. The Intel Pentium M Processor on 90nm process technology is validated with the Intel E7501, 855GME, E7520, E7320 chipsets, Mobile Intel 915GME Express Chipset and Intel 3100 (see table for details). These unique platform combinations help address a variety of customer requirements.

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Intel Celeron Processor 440

The Intel Celeron processor 440 balances proven technology with exceptional value for embedded computing designs such as print imaging, gaming, interactive clients, and industrial automation. Featuring Intel Intelligent Power Capability, it supports smaller, quieter, more energy-efficient embedded systems with improved performance over previous Intel Celeron processors.

Manufactured on 65nm process technology, the Intel Celeron processor 440 at 2.0 GHz offers 512 KB of L2 cache with a thermal design power (TDP) of 35 watts. Based on a new energy-efficient microarchitecture, this Celeron processor enables smaller and quieter embedded designs. It features Execute Disable Bit (for built-in security support) as well as Intel 64 architecture (Intel 64), enabling applications to access larger amounts of memory when used with appropriate 64-bit supporting hardware and software.

The Intel Celeron processor 440 is available in an LGA-775 package with integrated heat spreader. When combined with the Intel Q45 Express Chipset, Intel Q35 Express Chipset, Intel Q965 Express Chipset or Intel 3210 Chipset, the platform provides exceptional value with mid-range performance and reduced power.
Product information

Features and benefits

800 MHz front-side bus Provides accelerated access to data from the processor core.
Intel Wide Dynamic Execution Improves execution speed and efficiency, delivering more instructions per clock cycle.

Intel Smart Memory Access

Optimizes use of data bandwidth from the memory subsystem to accelerate out-of-order execution, keeping the pipeline full while improving instruction throughput and performance. Newly designed prediction mechanism reduces the time in-flight instructions must wait for data. Pre-fetch algorithms move data from system memory into fast L2 cache in advance of execution.

Intel Advanced Digital Media Boost

Accelerates execution of Streaming SIMD Extension (SSE/2/3) instructions to significantly improve media boost performance on a broad range of applications. 128-bit SSE instructions are issued at a throughput rate of one/clock cycle, effectively doubling speed of execution over previous-generation processors.
Execute Disable Bit° Enhances virus protection when deployed with supported operating system. Allows memory to be marked as executable or non-executable, allowing the processor to raise an error to the operating system, thereby preventing malicious code from infecting the system.

Intel 64 Architecture (Intel 64) Enables access to larger amounts of memory and provides flexibility for 32-bit and 64-bit applications. With appropriate supporting hardware and software, platforms supporting 64-bit computing can use extended virtual and physical memory.

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Intel takes chipset dispute with Nvidia to court

Bit-tech.net tipped us off Wednesday morning that Intel has sued Nvidia over the latter's right to create and sell motherboard chipsets that support Intel's Nehalem (aka Core i7) class of desktop processors.
We haven't heard much about this fight since May 2008, although since that time Nehalem has come to market and Intel remains the only manufacturer with a supporting chipset.
We spoke to Derek Perez, Nvidia's head of public relations, Wednesday morning, and he provided some clarity on the nature of the court filing, as well as Nvidia's take on the filing, which he says is actually a request for an injunction to prevent Nvidia from manufacturing a Nehalem chipset.
"We have a cross-licensing agreement with Intel, entered into about four and a half years ago. Intel is now basically saying the cross-license agreement doesn't apply to future bus interfaces, specifically DMI, (the direct media interface Intel uses to link the Nehalem CPU to a system's memory, a new feature for Nehalem chipsets). Intel has now filed an injunction against us, basically trying to stop us from innovating on DMI.
"We believe our business license with Intel lets us build chipsets for Intel CPUs," Perez said, "specifically for CPUs with integrated memory controllers (such as DMI). The PC has become a GPU-based platform as much as a CPU-based platform, and Intel is trying to delay that inevitable shift. They're trying to do everything they can to slow that down and it's because they recognize the importance of the GPU."
This sentiment was echoed by Nvidia's official press release on the court filing, which hit our in-box while we had Perez on the phone.
"'We are confident that our license, as negotiated, applies," said Jen-Hsun Huang, president and CEO of Nvidia. "At the heart of this issue is that the CPU has run its course and the soul of the PC is shifting quickly to the GPU. This is clearly an attempt to stifle innovation to protect a decaying CPU business."
Among other things, Intel makes CPUs and the circuitry (aka "chipsets") that goes in the motherboards to which those CPUs connect. Nvidia makes 3D cards (aka "GPUs," for graphics processing unit), and it has licensed chipset technology from both AMD and Nvidia to make its own chipsets that support each CPU vendors' respective processors.
Within the last year or so, Nvidia has also aggressively pitched its GPUs as more than simply gaming hardware. By virtue of its CUDA software, and others' software that performs a similar task, Nvidia has begun encouraging software developers to offload certain programming tasks (generally multimedia-oriented operations) from the CPU to the GPU. If this type of programming becomes widespread, Nvidia can then argue that the graphics processor is more important than the traditional CPU to the way we actually use our computers.
Whether Intel's CPU business is decaying is up for debate. Financially speaking, recent shipment data from analyst house IDC indicates that while Intel is maintaining its CPU market share, its revenues are down from 2007, and the outlook for the first half of 2009 is similarly disheartening.
-CNET

READ MORE - Intel takes chipset dispute with Nvidia to court

Intel to invest in three UAE tech firms

Intel Corp, the world’s largest maker of computer chips, will invest in three technology companies based in the United Arab Emirates.
Intel will finance its investment in Conservus International FZ-LLC, Pulse Technologies FZ-LLC and Vertex Animation Studio FZ- LLC from its US$50 million Intel Capital Middle East and Turkey Fund, the company said yesterday in Dubai.“We have a strong pipeline for future investments in the region,” Feroz Sanaulla, director of Intel Capital’s Middle East, Turkey and Africa division, said during a press conference. “Several hundred million dollars have been deployed in the region, and you will see more in the next few months.”Intel, whose processors run more than 80 percent of the world’s personal computers, has announced layoffs this year as the global credit crisis curbed consumer spending, hurting technology companies.The company said on Jan. 21 it would close five older plants that employ as many as 6,000 people, including its last factory in Silicon Valley, as it copes with a worldwide recession.“It’s a very unpredictable situation,” Arvind Sodhani, president of Intel Capital said. “We’re in an economic situation where virtually no company is untouched.”Meanwhile, shareholders of Advanced Micro Devices Inc, Intel’s largest rival, was to vote yesterday on a planned spinoff of plants as part of an investment from the Abu Dhabi government.

READ MORE - Intel to invest in three UAE tech firms

Intel Precessor With Heat Sink

A processor number:

• Represents a broad set of features that can influence overall computing experience
• Differentiates the relative features within a processor brand family (e.g. within the Intel® Core™2 processor family or within the Intel® Xeon® processor family)
• The processor number is not a measurement of performance considered when choosing the right processor for you.

READ MORE - Intel Precessor With Heat Sink

Intel silicon Processor LCD

As for the future of Atom, the person has of course referred to the new platform Moorestown without giving more details. A Wafer of Moorestown was still exhibited before qu'Anand Chandrasekher gives us an appointment next spring to learn more about this new platform that would enable Intel to bring its solution Atom in mobile phones, if everything is fine.
And since there was definitely nothing to announce, we video was projected to show us a concept phone tactile, largely inspired by the iPhone but animated by an Intel processor and offering functions geolocation or reading code bar. Finally Anand Chandrasekher gave a demonstration of an Intel MID Atom running the famous game World of Warcraft, the MID is connected to an LCD screen.

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Intel Processors terminologies Explained

Clock Speed:

A clock speed measures how fast a processor performs an activity.A clock speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz), which means a billion cycles per second.

Core:
Quad-core technology is a single processor chip including four processor cores or rather four simultaneously hard working brains. A

Software developers chop up their code (known as threading) and run each piece concurrently through whatever processor core happens to be most available. Increasingly, software developers rely on Intel® quad-core and dual-core technology so their multithreaded program can do more things simultaneously producing faster, more efficient results for you.

Tip: for exceptional multitasking, look for Intel® dual-core processors. If you’re a mega-multitasker, gaming elitist, or multimedia maven, look for Intel quad-core processors.

Imagine the RAM of your computer as one city, and the CPU as another. Between them is a wide road (the Front Side Bus). When you’re making calculations, developing graphics - anything you and your software demands - the Front Side Bus transfers data quickly to meet that demand.

Tip: whatever system you choose, make sure the components work together. For example, if you’re building a media computer, having a 1333 MHz front side bus that can handle HD video is wonderful - but make sure the CPU is adequate for the challenge.

Imagine arriving at your local shop and having all your favourite food fly off the shelves and fill the shopping trolley in minutes.

That’s L2 cache. It remembers the information you access most frequently in your computer so you can easily get to it without those annoying lags. (Just don’t expect it to remember documents you didn’t save.)

Tip: more L2 cache reduces bottlenecks and helps speed memory performance.
Enhanced wireless connectivity is your mobility life saver: experience less dead spots and more hot spots.

But optional Intel® Next-Gen Wireless-N is more than enhanced wireless connectivity¹. It’s a performance boost. Next-Gen Wireless-N manages available bandwidth; If there is more than one channel, twice the data can be sent, up to twice as fast.

Tip! Ask for Intel® Next-Gen Wireless-N technology in your notebook purchase if you want a faster connection where 802.11n networks are available.

¹ Intel® Next-Gen Wireless-N technology and Connect with Intel® Centrino® processor technology certified wireless N access point. Wireless N access points without the Connect with Intel Centrino technology processor identifier may require additional firmware for increased performance results. Check with your PC and access point manufacturer for details.

Requires Intel® Next-Gen Wireless-N technology and Connect with Intel® Centrino® processor technology certified wireless N access point. Wireless N access points without the Connect with Intel Centrino technology processor identifier may require additional firmware for increased performance results. Check with your PC and access point manufacturer for details.

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Latest Intel Desktop Processors Features

Extreme Gaming with the Intel® Core™ i7 Processor Extreme Edition

The Intel® Core™ i7 processor Extreme Edition with intelligent multi-core technology.It delivers breakthrough performance in gaming. Plus, multitask demanding applications up to 25% faster and unleash amazing power for digital media.

Features:

• Clock Speed 3.2 Ghz
• Cores/Threads 4/8
• Turbo Boost Up to 3.46 Ghz Boost
• Intel® Smart Cache 8 Mb

Intel® Core™ i7 Processor

Best for the heaviest workloads. Intel® Core™ i7 processor, the best desktop processor on the planet. Built on advanced technology that automatically applies processing power where it’s needed most, the Intel Core i7 processor’s incredible speed and efficiency lets you multitask 25% faster and delivers an amazing multimedia creation experience.

Features:

• Clock Speed up to 2.93 Ghz
• Cores/Threads 4/8
• Turbo Boost Up to 3.46 Ghz Boost
• Intel® Smart Cache 8 Mb

Intel® Core™2 Quad Processor
Get the performance you need to handle the hottest digital media, content-creation software, and immersive multi-threaded games. Four cores provide all the power you need to achieve smooth effects during game play, plus the capacity to handle today’s processor-hungry multimedia applications.

Features:

• Clock Speed up to 2.83 Ghz
• Cores/Threads 4
• FSB(Front Bus Speed) Up to 1333 Mhz
  
• L2 Cache 4 Mb

Intel® Core™2 Duo Processor
Enter the performance-packed and energy-efficient world of HD entertainment.Get amazing responsiveness for gaming or running complex applications with the Intel® Core™2 Duo processor. Load large files faster and run multiple applications simultaneously—all while enjoying your entertainment without lag time.

Features:

• Clock Speed up to 3.16 Ghz
• Cores/Threads 2
• FSB(Front Bus Speed) Up to 1333 Mhz
  
• L2 Cache 6 Mb

READ MORE - Latest Intel Desktop Processors Features

Difference between 32-bit and 64-bit Operating System

• The terms 32-bit and 64-bit refer to the way a computer’s processor (also called a CPU), handles information.
• The 64-bit versions of Windows can utilize more memory than 32-bit versions of Windows.
• By using 32 bits your processor can represent numbers from 0 to 4,294,967,295 while a 64-bit machine can represent numbers from 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615.
• 64 bit minimize the time spent swapping processes in and out of memory by storing more of those processes in Random access memory (RAM) rather than on the hard disk.
• 64bit can increase overall program performance
• 64 bit benefit to academic institutions and private companies, where large calculations are being performed, huge databases are being accessed, and complex problems are being solved.
• A 64-bit processor is made with more advanced silicon processes, have more transistors, and faster speeds.
• In 64 bit you need 4 GB of RAM to take full advantage of the capabilities
• There is another problem when you run 32-bit software programs in the environment of a 64-bit operating system. Many programs won’t work properly, such as Adobe Acrobat and Windows Media Player

READ MORE - Difference between 32-bit and 64-bit Operating System

Intel Multi-Core Technology Features

• 
• It Incorporates multiple processor execution cores in a single package in order to deliver full parallel execution of multiple software threads
• It put multiple execution cores into a single processor as well as continuing to increase clock frequency
• By incorporating multiple cores, each core is able to run at a lower frequency, dividing among them the power normally given to a single core. The result is a big performance increase over a single core processor.
• Continuous advances in silicon process technology from 65 nm to 45 nm and to 32 nm) to increase transistor density.
• Minimizes latency and improves efficiency and speed.

READ MORE - Intel Multi-Core Technology Features

Intel’s 32nm Process Technology

• Intel introduces 32nm process technology with second generation high-k + metal gate transistors. This process technology builds upon the tremendously successful 45nm process technology that enabled the launch of the Intel® microarchitecture codename Nehalem and the Intel® Core™ i7 processor.
  

READ MORE - Intel’s 32nm Process Technology